The Extension gene (red factor) has two alternative states (alleles). The dominant allele E produces black pigment in the coat. The recessive allele e produces red pigment.

Red horses are homozygous, that is they have two alleles, for the recessive red allele ee. Black pigmented horses have at least one E allele. They can be homozygous EE or heterozygous Ee.

A horse that is homozygous EE will not produce red offspring, regardless of the color of the mate. 

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